The
righteousness of the disciples of Jesus must exceed that of the Scribes and
Pharisees whose standard of religious piety and practice was high. These of
course did what they did only to be seen by people and to show off their piety.
The disciples are called not merely to avoid being hypocritical.
In the six
antitheses (5:21 -48) that
follow, Matthew shows what it means in practice for the righteousness of the
disciples to exceed that of the Scribes and Pharisees. Each of the six begins
with what was said of old and what Jesus is now saying. In these verses (5:21 -26) Matthew narrates first of
the six, which is about the Torah’s prohibition of murder (Exodus 20:13 ; Deut 5:18 ). The supplementary “whoever murders shall
be liable to judgement” is not found verbatim anywhere in the Old Testament,
and seems to have been added by Matthew to introduce the word “judgement” which
he uses in the next verse. After stating the law and adding a supplementary,
the Matthean Jesus then radicalises the law and calls for an interiorization of
it (5:22 ). The call seems
to be to submit one’s thoughts about other people, as well as the words they
give rise to, to God’s penetrating judgement. It is a call to realize that God
wills not only that human beings not kill each other but also that there be no
hostility between human beings. The next verses (5:23 -26) are an application of what Jesus says.
Reconciliation is even more important than offering worship and sacrifice. The
disciples are called to work for reconciliation in the light of the
eschatological judgement toward which they are journeying.
If we come to
worship God and there are feelings of anger, revenge or hatred in our hearts,
then our worship remains incomplete. It is only an external worship and not
true worship. God does not need our adoration, but if want to adore him it must
also come from within.
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