To read the texts click on the texts: Ezek 37:1-4; Mt 22:34-40
Matthew
has rewritten Mark’s story (Mk 12:28-34) and made what was a scholastic
dialogue in to a controversy. Unlike in Mark where the scribe is friendly, here
the “lawyer” (the only occurrence of “nomikos” = lawyer in Matthew) is hostile,
and the question is asked to “test” Jesus (only the devil and the Pharisees are
the subject of the verb, “test”).
The
lawyer addresses Jesus as “Teacher”, which is an indication of insincerity,
because in Matthew, believers address Jesus as “Lord”. The rabbis counted 613
commands (248 positive and 365 negative), and some regarded all commandments as
equal. The question of the lawyer may have been intended to draw Jesus into a
debate and get him to make a statement that could be interpreted as disparaging
toward the Law.
In
his answer, however, Jesus brings together two Old Testament texts that existed
separately and in different books of the Bible. The commandment to love God
alone was found in Deut 6:4-5 and the commandment to love neighbour was found
in Lev 19:18. These two, Jesus brings together into one, making them dependent
on each other. This combination is distinctive of the Synoptic Jesus.
In
his first letter John makes a telling point when he says that the one who says
that he/she loves God whom they cannot see but cannot love their brother/sister
whom they can see are liars (1 John 4:20).