To read the texts click on the texts: Isa 1:10,16-20; Mt 23:1-12
Jesus here addresses the people and his disciples
and speaks of the hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees. Scribes were a
professional class with formal training. They were schooled in the tradition
and its application to current issues. Pharisees were a group within Judaism
defined by strictly religious rules, composed mostly of laypersons without
formal theological training. Some scribes were also Pharisees, but few Pharisees
were scribes. Moses’ seat is a
metaphorical expression representing the teaching and administrative authority
of the synagogue leadership, scribes and Pharisees. Jesus condemns only the
practice of the scribes and Pharisees and not their teaching. The Matthean
Jesus makes three points about the hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees. The
first is that “they say but do not do”, which means that there was no
consonance between their words and actions. They did not act on their words. The second is that “they burden while failing
to act themselves” which means that they lay law upon law upon the people and
make life so much more complicated than it really is, and the third is that
“they act for the wrong reasons: to make an impression on others”. This they
did by wearing broader phylacteries. “Phylacteries” is the term Matthew uses
for the “tephillin”, which were small leather boxes containing portions of the
Torah (Exod 13:1-16; Deut 6:4-9; 11:13-32) strapped to the forehead and arm
during the recitation of prayers in literal obedience to Deut 6:8. The
“tassels” were attached to the prayer shawls, and the most important seats in
the synagogue refer to the place of honour at the front facing the
congregation, occupied by teachers and respected leaders. The term “Rabbi” was
a title of honour. The Scribes and Pharisees wanted to be noticed, commended
and honoured more than to pray.
In contrast the disciples of Jesus ought not to go
for external titles and especially those which heighten distinction since they
were brothers and sisters and there was to be no greater and smaller among
them. They were to be one in God who alone is father. Authority and leadership
were to be expressed in selfless service.
It is easy to say, but difficult to do, it is easy to
preach but difficult to practice. There must be a correlation between our words
and our actions. The way to ensure that there is a correlation between the two
is to first do and then say, or better to let people hear not what we say but
what we do. This doing, if it is to be regarded as a genuine work of love must
be done not to earn titles or the approval or commendation but because one is a
disciple of Jesus who has shown through his life and actions what true
leadership means.
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